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  Formily入门实践
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  <h2 id="前言"><a href="#前言" class="headerlink" title="前言"></a>前言</h2><p>Formily 是阿里开源的动态化表单的解决方案，优雅的解决了多种复杂场景的表单的数据、状态管理及夸表单通信问题，同时规避了全量渲染的弊端，性能优越。刚好满足我近期工作中的业务需求，啃了将近一周的文档，对 Family 有了初步的了解，后续使用起来再出翻坑指南。</p>
<h2 id="初步了解"><a href="#初步了解" class="headerlink" title="初步了解"></a>初步了解</h2><p>​Formily 基于 MVVM 的设计原则，常用的基础核心库有<code>@formily/core</code>、<code>@formily/react</code>、<code>@formily/vue</code>、<code>@formily/antd</code>，支持 react 和 vue，同时支持 Markup Schema、 JSX 以及现在业界最流行的 JSON Schema 的写法。</p>
<p>Formily 分为了<strong>内核层</strong>，<strong>UI 桥接层</strong>，<strong>扩展组件层</strong>，和<strong>配置应用层</strong>，如下图。<br><strong>内核层</strong>是 UI 无关的，它保证了用户管理的逻辑和状态是不耦合任何一个框架。<br>JSON Schema 独立存在，给 UI 桥接层消费，保证了协议驱动在不同 UI 框架下的绝对一致性，不需要重复实现协议解析逻辑。<br><strong>扩展组件层</strong>，提供一系列表单场景化组件，保证用户开箱即用。无需花大量时间做二次开发。<br><img src="/2021/12/01/Formily-demo/image.png" alt="Formily的分层架构图"></p>
<blockquote>
<p>核心优势</p>
<ul>
<li>高性能</li>
<li>开箱即用</li>
<li>联动逻辑实现高效</li>
<li>跨端能力，逻辑可跨框架，跨终端复用</li>
<li>动态渲染能力</li>
</ul>
</blockquote>
<p>核心劣势：学习成本较高，需引多个包，包体积较大。<br>​</p>
<p>确实 Formily 的学习成本还是相对较高的，几大核心库一堆的文档和 API 会让你眼花缭乱，但是既然要学就要耐下心来，思路理清之后就轻车熟路了。<br>​</p>
<p>核心库介绍：<br><code>@formily/core</code>：<strong>ViewModel 层</strong>，负责管理表单的状态，表单校验，联动等等。<br><code>@formily/react</code>：** Model 层<strong>，作为 UI 库来接入内核数据，用来实现最终的表单交互效果，对于不同框架的用户，使用有不同的桥接库，这里使用<code>react</code>为例，使用 vue 安装<code>@formily/vue</code>。<br><code>@formily/antd</code>：</strong>View 层**，在<code>Ant Design</code>基础之上封装的开箱即用的组件库。</p>
<h2 id="使用准备"><a href="#使用准备" class="headerlink" title="使用准备"></a>使用准备</h2><p>安装依赖，这里以<code>React+Antd </code>为例</p>
<p>使用 yarn<br><code>yarn add @formily/core</code><br><code>yarn add @formily/react</code><br><code>yarn add antd moment @formily/antd</code><br>​</p>
<p>or 使用 npm<br><code>npm install --save @formily/core</code><br><code>npm install --save @formily/react</code><br><code>npm install --save antd moment @formily/antd</code><br>​</p>
<p>导入依赖：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> React <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;react&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123; createForm &#125; <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;@formily/core&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123; FormProvider, Field &#125; <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;@formily/react&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123; FormItem, Input &#125; <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;@formily/antd&#x27;</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>​</p>
<h2 id="实例"><a href="#实例" class="headerlink" title="实例"></a>实例</h2><p>以<code>JSON Schema</code>写法为例：</p>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br><span class="line">61</span><br><span class="line">62</span><br><span class="line">63</span><br><span class="line">64</span><br><span class="line">65</span><br><span class="line">66</span><br><span class="line">67</span><br><span class="line">68</span><br><span class="line">69</span><br><span class="line">70</span><br><span class="line">71</span><br><span class="line">72</span><br><span class="line">73</span><br><span class="line">74</span><br><span class="line">75</span><br><span class="line">76</span><br><span class="line">77</span><br><span class="line">78</span><br><span class="line">79</span><br><span class="line">80</span><br><span class="line">81</span><br><span class="line">82</span><br><span class="line">83</span><br><span class="line">84</span><br><span class="line">85</span><br><span class="line">86</span><br><span class="line">87</span><br><span class="line">88</span><br><span class="line">89</span><br><span class="line">90</span><br><span class="line">91</span><br><span class="line">92</span><br><span class="line">93</span><br><span class="line">94</span><br><span class="line">95</span><br><span class="line">96</span><br><span class="line">97</span><br><span class="line">98</span><br><span class="line">99</span><br><span class="line">100</span><br><span class="line">101</span><br><span class="line">102</span><br><span class="line">103</span><br><span class="line">104</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> React <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;react&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123; createForm &#125; <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;@formily/core&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123; createSchemaField, FormConsumer, FormProvider &#125; <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;@formily/react&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> &#123; FormItem, Input, Password, Submit, FormLayout, FormButtonGroup &#125; <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;@formily/antd&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> * <span class="keyword">as</span> ICONS <span class="keyword">from</span> <span class="string">&#x27;@ant-design/icons&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">//用来创建表单核心领域模型，它是作为MVVM设计模式的标准 ViewModel</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> form = createForm()</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// 创建一个 SchemaField 组件用于解析JSON-Schema动态渲染表单的组件</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> SchemaField = createSchemaField(&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 组件列表</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">components</span>: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    FormLayout,</span><br><span class="line">    FormItem,</span><br><span class="line">    Input,</span><br><span class="line">    Password</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// 全局作用域，用于实现协议表达式变量注入</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">scope</span>: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="title">icon</span>(<span class="params">name: string</span>)</span> &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="keyword">return</span> React.createElement(ICONS[name])</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;)</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**初始化一份json schema</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * 解析 json-schema 的能力；将 json-schema 转换成 Field Model 的能力；编译 json-schema 表达式的能力</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> **/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> schema = &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="comment">// schema type</span></span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">type</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;object&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="attr">properties</span>: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="attr">layout</span>: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">type</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;void&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="string">&#x27;x-component&#x27;</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;FormLayout&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="string">&#x27;x-component-props&#x27;</span>: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">labelCol</span>: <span class="number">2</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">wrapperCol</span>: <span class="number">6</span>,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">labelAlign</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;right&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">        <span class="comment">// layout: &#x27;vertical&#x27;,</span></span><br><span class="line">      &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">      <span class="comment">// 属性描述</span></span><br><span class="line">      <span class="attr">properties</span>: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">username</span>: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">          <span class="comment">// schema type</span></span><br><span class="line">          <span class="attr">type</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;string&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">          <span class="comment">// 标题</span></span><br><span class="line">          <span class="attr">title</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;用户名&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">          <span class="comment">// 必填</span></span><br><span class="line">          <span class="attr">required</span>: <span class="literal">true</span>,</span><br><span class="line">          <span class="comment">// 字段 UI 包装器组件</span></span><br><span class="line">          <span class="string">&#x27;x-decorator&#x27;</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;FormItem&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">          <span class="comment">// 字段 UI 组件</span></span><br><span class="line">          <span class="string">&#x27;x-component&#x27;</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;Input&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">          <span class="comment">// 字段 UI 组件属性</span></span><br><span class="line">          <span class="string">&#x27;x-component-props&#x27;</span>: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">prefix</span>: <span class="string">&quot;&#123;&#123;icon(&#x27;UserOutlined&#x27;)&#125;&#125;&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">          &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">        <span class="attr">password</span>: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">          <span class="attr">type</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;string&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">          <span class="attr">title</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;密码&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">          <span class="attr">required</span>: <span class="literal">true</span>,</span><br><span class="line">          <span class="string">&#x27;x-decorator&#x27;</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;FormItem&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">          <span class="string">&#x27;x-decorator-props&#x27;</span>: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">addonAfter</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;强度高&#x27;</span></span><br><span class="line">          &#125;,</span><br><span class="line">          <span class="string">&#x27;x-component&#x27;</span>: <span class="string">&#x27;Password&#x27;</span>,</span><br><span class="line">          <span class="string">&#x27;x-component-props&#x27;</span>: &#123;</span><br><span class="line">            <span class="attr">prefix</span>: <span class="string">&quot;&#123;&#123;icon(&#x27;LockOutlined&#x27;)&#125;&#125;&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">          &#125;</span><br><span class="line">        &#125;</span><br><span class="line">      &#125;</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">export</span> <span class="keyword">default</span> () =&gt; &#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="keyword">return</span> (</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="xml"><span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">FormProvider</span> <span class="attr">form</span>=<span class="string">&#123;form&#125;</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">      <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">FormLayout</span> <span class="attr">layout</span>=<span class="string">&quot;vertical&quot;</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">SchemaField</span> <span class="attr">schema</span>=<span class="string">&#123;schema&#125;</span> /&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">      <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">FormLayout</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">      <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">FormButtonGroup</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">        <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">Submit</span> <span class="attr">onSubmit</span>=<span class="string">&#123;console.log&#125;</span>&gt;</span>提交<span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">Submit</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">      <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">FormButtonGroup</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">      <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">FormConsumer</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">        &#123;() =&gt; (</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">          <span class="tag">&lt;<span class="name">div</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">            <span class="attr">style</span>=<span class="string">&#123;&#123;</span></span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">              <span class="attr">width:</span> <span class="attr">340</span>,</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">              <span class="attr">marginTop:</span> <span class="attr">20</span>,</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">              <span class="attr">padding:</span> <span class="attr">5</span>,</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">              <span class="attr">border:</span> &#x27;<span class="attr">1px</span> <span class="attr">dashed</span> #<span class="attr">666</span>&#x27;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">            &#125;&#125;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="tag"><span class="xml">          &gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">            实时响应-用户名：&#123;form.values.username&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">          <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">div</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">        )&#125;</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">      <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">FormConsumer</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="xml">    <span class="tag">&lt;/<span class="name">FormProvider</span>&gt;</span></span></span><br><span class="line">  )</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p><img src="/2021/12/01/Formily-demo/img2.png" alt="image"></p>
<ul>
<li><code>FormProvider</code>组件是作为视图层桥接表单模型的入口，它只有一个参数，就是接收 <code>createForm</code>创建出来的 <code>Form </code>实例，并将 <code>Form </code>实例以上下文形式传递到子组件中。</li>
<li><code>FormLayout</code>组件是用来批量控制<code>FormItem</code>样式的组件，这里我们指定布局为水平布局，也就是标签在左，组件在右。</li>
<li><code>FormConsumer</code>组件是作为响应式模型的响应器而存在，它核心是一个<code>render props</code>模式，在作为 <code>children </code>的回调函数中，会自动收集所有依赖，如果依赖发生变化，则会重新渲染，借助 <code>FormConsumer </code>我们可以很方便的实现各种计算汇总的需求。</li>
<li><code>FormButtonGroup</code>组件作为表单按钮组容器而存在，主要负责按钮的布局。</li>
<li><code>Submit</code>组件作为表单提交的动作触发器而存在，其实我们也可以直接使用 <code>form.submit </code>方法进行提交，但是使用 <code>Submit </code>的好处是不需要每次都在 <code>Button </code>组件上写 <code>onClick </code>事件处理器，同时它还处理了 <code>Form </code>的 <code>loading </code>状态，如果 <code>onSubmit </code>方法返回一个 <code>Promise</code>，且 <code>Promise </code>正在 <code>pending </code>状态，那么按钮会自动进入 <code>loading </code>状态。</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p><code>注意：使用前还需要了解，Formily 已经完全放弃对 IE 的兼容，如需兼容 IE，慎用！！！</code></p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="参考"><a href="#参考" class="headerlink" title="参考"></a>参考</h2><p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://formilyjs.org/">Formily 官方文档</a><br>​</p>
<p>​</p>
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